Outer ring is the horizon · centre is straight overhead. Dashed arc is the Sun's path today.
Goal: point at the Moon tonight using nothing but your hand. One idea, three steps, two minutes.
The one idea. The Moon walks almost the same path the Sun walked — just later. Each day it falls ~50 minutes further behind, and a Full Moon sits opposite the Sun, so it rises around sunset.
Your ruler. Fist at arm's length ≈ 10° of sky; one finger ≈ 2°. Your arm is the protractor — the top edge of each fist marks the next ten degrees — the ninth touches 90°:
Tonight's shortcut: find the phase above, count the lag, and look where the Sun was that many hours ago.
Theory behind this: OpenStax Astronomy §4.5 (free textbook).
Goal: shrink the error from ±20° to about ±8° — worth it once you leave the equator or care about seasons.
Why Beginner drifts. Two things bend the sky-path: your latitude tilts everything, and the season swings the Sun ±23.5° high or low (OpenStax §4.2). The Moon mirrors that swing, flipped by phase — a Full Moon copies the Sun's opposite-season path.
| Hours from peak | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height | 100% | 85% | 50% | set |
Peak time + peak height + the arch table: three numbers that beat a raw guess every time.
Keep reading. The free textbook chapter below covers exactly this — latitude, seasons, and Moon phases:
Goal: know exactly what the number on screen means — and where it can be wrong.
Honest accuracy (truncated series, fine for stargazing, not navigation): phase ±2%, position ±~1°, distance ±~1,500 km. Spot-checked: 2 Oct 2026 13:28 UTC → we say 61.5% / 21.1 d / 370,099 km; published references that day say 59–67% / 20.9–21.3 d / ≈369,300 km. New-Moon test 6 Jan 2000 18:14 UTC → we say 0.0%, exact. Verify live anytime at JPL Horizons.
Read the source. The algorithm follows Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, Ch. 47 (Moon position) + Ch. 48 (illumination) — also sold by the publisher. Reference reader: